For plants the reproductive structures seem to be the most distinctive characteristics. I observed several ferns and focused on the leaf shape as well as the underside of the leaf where the spore structures are.
For the pine I have photos of both the male and female cones
The two lichens that I observed are a good comparison of their structures, one small lobe shaped structure and the other much longer in structure and hanging from the branches of a tree.
Animals move a lot faster than plants and it is hard to focus in on individual traits. The easiest characteristic is coloration. Examples the red tail's tail, The butterflie's orange wingtips, and the beetle's wing casing.
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